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Module 6 • Agriculture & Welfare2026-07-2815 min read

Agriculture, Rural Economy & Welfare: Natural Farming, Viksit Krishi, PM Dhan-Dhaanya & Gig Workers (2025–26)

Target Exam: UPSC & State PSCs National Current Affairs•Official Sources: India National State Gazettes, Budget & Official ReleasesUnion Budget, PIB, Economic Survey & National Official Releases

1. National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF): Ecological Transition

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Cabinet Approval & Financial Outlay: Approved with a standalone outlay of ₹2,481 crore under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.
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Target & Coverage:
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To mobilize 1 crore farmers across 7.5 lakh hectares of cultivable land over 2 years.
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Prioritizes contiguous clusters of 50 hectares each, especially in fragile river basins (Namami Gange corridors) and tribal undulating belts.
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Bio-Input Resource Centres (BRCs):
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Establishment of 10,000 Bio-Input Resource Centres to prepare and dispense localized botanical concoctions (Jeevamrit, Beejamrit, Neemastra).
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Direct DBT incentives provided to farmers adopting natural farming during the transition yield-dip period.

2. Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan & Digital Agriculture Mission

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Digital Agriculture Mission Outlay: ₹2,817 crore sanctioned to establish foundational public digital infrastructure for Indian agriculture.
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AgriStack Architecture (Three Core Registries):
1.
Farmers' Registry: Providing unique verified digital farmer IDs (analogous to Aadhaar for agriculturists).
2.
Geo-referenced Village Maps: Digitally delineating farm plot boundaries via GIS cadastral mapping.
3.
Digital Crop Survey (DCS): Mobile-based geo-tagged Kharif/Rabi ground-truthing to automate crop insurance (PMFBY) claim disbursements.
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Krishi Decision Support System (Krishi-DSS): Integrating satellite remote sensing (ISRO RISAT/Cartosat), soil moisture sensors, and IMD agromet forecasts.

3. PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana & National Makhana Board

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PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (Targeted District Convergence):
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Focuses on 100 agriculturally low-productivity, high-potential districts across eastern and central India.
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Objective: Bridge yield gaps in pulses (tur, urad, gram) and oilseeds (mustard, soyabean) through localized micro-irrigation, seed hubs, and custom hiring centers.
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Establishment of National Makhana Board (Bihar):
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Headquartered in the Mithila / Darbhanga belt of Bihar (which accounts for ~85% of global Foxnut / Gorgon Nut production).
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Mandate: Organize supply chains, cold storage clusters, mechanized popping technology, GI tag certification, and international export facilitation.

4. Social Security for Gig Workers & Regional Climate Stress

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Gig and Platform Workers Welfare Architecture:
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Mandatory onboarding of platform workers (ride-hailing, food delivery, logistics) onto the e-Shram portal (which registered over 30 crore unorganized workers).
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Operationalizing social security funds under Chapter IX of the Code on Social Security, 2020, financed by platform aggregator contributions (1–2% of turnover).
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Alignment with state gig worker enactments (Rajasthan, Karnataka) setting national benchmarks for health and occupational security.
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Andhra Pradesh Severe Drought Declaration (2024–25 / 2025):
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21 out of 26 districts in Andhra Pradesh officially declared drought-hit due to severe spatial southwest monsoon deficits.
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Rayalaseema districts (Anantapur, Kurnool, Kadapa, Chittoor) and Prakasam suffered acute groundwater depletion, necessitating national SDRF/NDRF relief and contingency crop planning.
Key Examination Takeaways:
  • National Mission on Natural Farming is backed by ₹2,481 Cr aiming for 1 Cr farmers and 10,000 Bio-Input Resource Centres.
  • Digital Agriculture Mission (₹2,817 Cr) creates AgriStack with digital Farmer IDs, Geo-referenced plots, and Digital Crop Surveys.
  • National Makhana Board established in Bihar (Mithila) to institutionalize processing, GI branding, and exports for Foxnuts.
  • Andhra Pradesh declared 21 out of 26 districts drought-hit following severe monsoon deficits across Rayalaseema and coastal belts.
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Q1

What is the total financial outlay approved for the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF) by the Union Cabinet?

Q2

How many Bio-Input Resource Centres (BRCs) are planned to be established under the National Mission on Natural Farming?

Q3

What is the financial outlay sanctioned for the Digital Agriculture Mission to build AgriStack public digital infrastructure?

Q4

How many low-productivity, high-potential agricultural districts are targeted under the PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana?

Q5

In which state has the National Makhana Board been established to scale production, processing, and export of Foxnuts (Euryale ferox)?

Q6

On which national portal are gig and platform workers being mandatorily enrolled to receive universal social security benefits?

Q7

How many out of the 26 total districts were officially declared drought-hit in Andhra Pradesh due to acute monsoon deficiencies in 2024–25 / 2025?

Q8

Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R): Assertion (A): The National Mission on Natural Farming incorporates the establishment of 10,000 Bio-Input Resource Centres (BRCs). Reason (R): Small and marginal farmers face transition bottlenecks in natural farming due to lack of readily accessible on-farm organic formulations like Jeevamrit and Beejamrit. In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct?

Q9

Consider the following statements regarding the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF): 1. It promotes zero synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides, relying on on-farm livestock biomass. 2. It establishes Bio-Input Resource Centres (BRCs) to make microbial and botanical preparations available to farmers. 3. The scheme is entirely centrally funded with zero financial or administrative contribution required from State Governments. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q10

Which of the following registries constitute the core architecture of AgriStack under the Digital Agriculture Mission? 1. Farmers' Registry 2. Geo-referenced Village Map Registry 3. Digital Crop Survey (Crop Sown Registry) Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Q11

Consider the following statements regarding the PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana: 1. It targets 100 agricultural districts with low productivity but high yield potential. 2. The primary objective is to enhance domestic production of pulses and oilseeds to cut import dependence. 3. It completely replaces the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY). Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q12

With reference to social security for Gig and Platform Workers in India, consider the following statements: 1. The Code on Social Security, 2020 explicitly recognizes 'gig workers' and 'platform workers' as distinct categories. 2. Digital platform aggregators can be mandated to contribute 1–2% of their annual turnover towards a dedicated welfare fund. 3. Registration of platform workers on the e-Shram portal requires mandatory ownership of agricultural land. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q13

Consider the following statements regarding Foxnut (Makhana) cultivation in India: 1. Over 80% of global makhana production originates from the wetland agro-ecosystems of North Bihar. 2. Mithila Makhana was awarded the Geographical Indication (GI) tag under the Geographical Indications of Goods Act, 1999. 3. Makhana is derived from the seeds of the aquatic plant Nelumbo nucifera (Sacred Lotus). Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q14

With reference to the drought situation declared across 21 districts of Andhra Pradesh, consider the following statements: 1. Rayalaseema districts including Anantapur and Kurnool experienced severe soil moisture deficits. 2. The declaration facilitates financial assistance under the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) and National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF). 3. Andhra Pradesh is the only State in peninsular India that receives 100% of its annual precipitation exclusively from the Southwest Monsoon. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q15

Match List-I (Agricultural Initiative / Entity) with List-II (Core Focus / Location): List-I: (a) National Mission on Natural Farming (b) Digital Agriculture Mission (c) PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (d) National Makhana Board List-II: 1. AgriStack & Digital Crop Survey 2. 100 Low-Productivity High-Potential Districts 3. 10,000 Bio-Input Resource Centres (BRCs) 4. Mithila / Darbhanga (Bihar) Select the correct code: (a) (b) (c) (d)