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Module 12 • Culture & Sports2026-08-1416 min read

Culture, Heritage, Awards & Sports Diplomacy: UNESCO Maratha Landscapes, Sarnath 45th WHS, Padma Awards 2026 & Asian Games

Target Exam: UPSC & State PSCs National Current Affairs•Official Sources: India National State Gazettes, Budget & Official ReleasesUnion Budget, PIB, Economic Survey & National Official Releases

1. UNESCO World Heritage Inscriptions: Maratha Forts & Sarnath

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India's 44th World Heritage Site: Maratha Military Landscapes:
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Inscribed by UNESCO under the cultural category, comprising 12 constituent forts and defense outposts demonstrating extraordinary Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj military engineering and hill/sea fortification.
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Constituent Forts: Salher, Shivneri, Lohagad, Khanderi, Raigad, Rajgad, Pratapgad, Suvarnadurg, Panhala, Vijaydurg, and Sindhudurg in Maharashtra, plus Gingee Fort in Tamil Nadu.
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India's 45th World Heritage Site: Sarnath Archaeological Ensemble (Uttar Pradesh):
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Sarnath inscribed as India's 45th UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing the site where Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon (Dharmachakrapravartana Sutta) to his five disciples.
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Preserves the monumental Dhamek Stupa, Dharmarajika Stupa ruins, Mulagandhakuti Vihara, and the ancient Ashoka Pillar and Lion Capital.
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Geographical Indication (GI) Expansion:
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India crossed 697 registered Geographical Indications, with Uttar Pradesh (70+ GIs) and Tamil Nadu (60+ GIs) holding the premier spots for indigenous crafts, textiles, and agro-horticultural heritage.

2. National Civilian Honours & Cinema Awards (2025–26)

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Padma Awards 2026:
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The President of India conferred 131 Padma Awards (Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri) recognizing grassroots unsung heroes across tribal folk art, indigenous medicine, organic farming, and public literature.
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72nd National Film Awards:
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Dadasaheb Phalke Award: Conferred upon veteran Kannada cinema stalwart and cultural icon Anant Nag for his monumental six-decade contribution to Indian cinema.
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Recognized parallel cinema, regional storytelling, and classical performing arts.

3. International & National Sports Achievements (2025–26)

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2026 Asian Games (Aichi-Nagoya, Japan):
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India delivered an outstanding performance, amassing 85 medals to secure 4th position in the overall medal tally behind China, Japan, and South Korea.
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Historic golds secured in Athletics, Shooting, Archery, Badminton, and Kabaddi.
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Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG) 2025 (Bihar):
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Hosted across Patna, Gaya, Rajgir, and Bhagalpur in Bihar.
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Maharashtra emerged as the Overall Champion with a mammoth tally of 158 medals (including 58 Gold), followed by Haryana (2nd) and Rajasthan (3rd).
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World Para Athletics & Asian Athletics Championships 2025:
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Indian para-athletes established multiple world records, spearheaded by Sumit Antil (Javelin Throw F64) and high-jump stars, demonstrating systemic gains from the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS).
Key Examination Takeaways:
  • Maratha Military Landscapes inscribed as India's 44th UNESCO World Heritage Site across 12 historic forts.
  • Sarnath Archaeological Ensemble in Uttar Pradesh inscribed as India's 45th UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • Dadasaheb Phalke Award at the 72nd National Film Awards conferred upon Kannada cinema icon Anant Nag.
  • Maharashtra topped the Khelo India Youth Games 2025 hosted in Bihar with 158 medals; India finished 4th in 2026 Asian Games.
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Q1

Which ensemble of historical fortifications was inscribed as India's 44th UNESCO World Heritage Site?

Q2

Which fort situated in Tamil Nadu is included among the 12 constituent forts of the UNESCO World Heritage site 'Maratha Military Landscapes'?

Q3

Which revered Buddhist site in Uttar Pradesh was inscribed as India's 45th UNESCO World Heritage Site?

Q4

Who was conferred with the prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Award at the 72nd National Film Awards?

Q5

In which city were the 2026 Asian Games held where India secured 4th position with a haul of 85 medals?

Q6

Which state emerged as the Overall Champion of the Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG) 2025 hosted in Bihar?

Q7

How many total Padma Awards (Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri) were conferred by the President of India in 2026?

Q8

Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R): Assertion (A): The Sarnath Archaeological Ensemble in Uttar Pradesh was inscribed as India's 45th UNESCO World Heritage Site. Reason (R): Sarnath preserves the Dhamek Stupa and Lion Capital marking the seminal event where Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon (Dharmachakrapravartana). In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct?

Q9

Consider the following statements regarding the 'Maratha Military Landscapes of India' inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site: 1. It comprises 12 constituent components located across Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. 2. Both hill forts and coastal/island sea forts are represented in the nomination. 3. Gingee Fort was captured by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in 1677 during his southern campaign. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q10

With reference to the Sarnath Archaeological Ensemble inscribed as the 45th World Heritage Site, consider the following statements: 1. It is the site of the first sermon of Gautama Buddha, celebrated as the Dharmachakrapravartana. 2. The Dhamek Stupa marks the exact spot of the Buddha's Mahaparinirvana. 3. The Lion Capital of Ashoka unearthed at Sarnath was adopted as the National Emblem of India. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q11

Consider the following statements regarding the Padma Awards: 1. The awards are announced annually on the eve of Independence Day (15th August). 2. Bharat Ratna and Padma Vibhushan do not amount to titles under Article 18(1) of the Constitution. 3. The total number of awards conferred in a year (excluding posthumous awards and awards to foreigners) cannot exceed 120. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q12

With reference to the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS), consider the following statements: 1. It is implemented by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports through the Sports Authority of India (SAI). 2. Elite athletes under TOPS receive customized international coaching, physical rehabilitation, and a monthly out-of-pocket allowance. 3. The scheme strictly excludes para-athletes from financial or logistical sponsorship. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q13

Consider the following pairs of coastal/island sea forts of the Marathas and their locations: 1. Sindhudurg Fort — Malvan, Maharashtra 2. Vijaydurg Fort — Devgad, Maharashtra 3. Khanderi Fort — Off the coast of Alibaug, Maharashtra How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Q14

Consider the following statements regarding the Dadasaheb Phalke Award: 1. It is India's highest award in the field of cinema, presented annually at the National Film Awards ceremony. 2. The award was instituted in 1969 to commemorate the 'Father of Indian Cinema', Dhundiraj Govind Phalke. 3. The first recipient of the Dadasaheb Phalke Award was Prithviraj Kapoor. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q15

Match List-I (Cultural / Sporting Landmark) with List-II (Core Feature / Location): List-I: (a) 44th World Heritage Site (b) 45th World Heritage Site (c) 72nd National Film Awards Phalke (d) KIYG 2025 Champion List-II: 1. Sarnath (Uttar Pradesh) 2. Maratha Military Landscapes 3. Maharashtra (158 medals) 4. Anant Nag Select the correct code: (a) (b) (c) (d)