Global Health Emergencies, Pandemic Governance & Food Security: Mpox Clade I, H5N1 Avian Flu, WHO Pandemic Treaty & The 2026 Hunger Crisis

Which more virulent genetic clade of the Mpox virus triggered the World Health Organization's PHEIC declaration in 2024-2025?

According to the 2026 Global Report on Food Crises, approximately how many people were estimated to be facing acute hunger (IPC Phase 3 or above)?

In which two conflict-stricken territories did international humanitarian agencies confirm simultaneous famine conditions (IPC Phase 5 Catastrophe) in 2025-2026?

Under the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), what phase represents the most catastrophic condition of full-blown Famine?

Which strain of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) caused widespread infections across wild birds, poultry, and dairy cattle herds in 2024-2026?

Which two remaining countries in the world continue to report endemic transmission of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1)?

What is the targeted reduction in global human deaths caused by bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) committed at the UN General Assembly for 2030?

Under which article of the WHO Constitution is the new international Pandemic Agreement being negotiated by member states?

Which system within the draft WHO Pandemic Agreement establishes a mechanism for sharing pathogen genomic data in exchange for equitable access to vaccines and therapeutics?

With reference to the International Health Regulations (IHR) and the WHO Pandemic Agreement, consider the following statements: 1. The IHR (2005) is a legally binding international legal instrument covering 196 countries. 2. The 2024 amendments to the IHR introduced the tier of 'Pandemic Emergency' to catalyze early response. 3. The WHO Director-General can deploy military troops to enforce lockdowns inside any sovereign nation without state approval. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the 'One Health' approach promoted by WHO, FAO, UNEP, and WOAH: 1. It integrates the health of people, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the wider environment. 2. It recognizes that approximately 60% of known infectious diseases in humans are of zoonotic origin. 3. It strictly advocates the total extermination of all wild animal species to eradicate viruses permanently. Which of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to the primary drivers of global acute food insecurity documented in the 2026 Global Report on Food Crises, consider the following statements: 1. Armed conflict and insecurity remain the single largest driver of acute hunger across sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. 2. Climate extremes, including prolonged drought and irregular floods, represent a major secondary amplifier. 3. Global food crises have been entirely eliminated in all countries that belong to the United Nations. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): 1. It occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve over time and no longer respond to medicines. 2. Overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and agriculture are the primary accelerators of resistance. 3. AMR has zero impact on modern medicine, chemotherapy, or routine surgical procedures. Which of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to the World Food Programme (WFP) and global food assistance, consider the following statements: 1. The World Food Programme is the food-assistance branch of the United Nations, headquartered in Rome, Italy. 2. WFP was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2020 for its efforts to combat hunger and prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war. 3. The WFP derives all its operational revenue from mandatory sovereign tax levies imposed on all commercial airlines. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the criteria for declaring an IPC Phase 5 (Famine) under international humanitarian standards: 1. At least 20% of households in an area face an extreme lack of food. 2. Acute malnutrition rates (Global Acute Malnutrition) exceed 30% of children. 3. The crude death rate exceeds 2 persons per 10,000 people per day. Which of the statements given above are correct?