Russia-Ukraine War & Gaza Conflict: Drone/Electronic Warfare Doctrines, Humanitarian Crisis & International Law (ICJ/ICC)

According to the SIPRI Yearbook 2026, how many states globally experienced armed conflict during 2025?

According to SIPRI data, active interstate conflicts between sovereign nations increased from three in 2024 to how many in 2025?

By June 2026, what approximate percentage of buildings and infrastructure in the Gaza Strip had been damaged or destroyed according to United Nations assessments?

Which international treaty governs the constitution, jurisdiction, and legal functions of the International Criminal Court (ICC)?

In which city are the headquarters of both the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) located?

Which country filed the landmark case against Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) alleging violations of the 1948 Genocide Convention in the Gaza Strip?

What type of unmanned aerial vehicle, flown via goggles and manual radio link by a pilot and armed with shaped-charge warheads, emerged as the dominant tactical weapon in the Russia-Ukraine war?

What approximate total value of frozen Russian central bank sovereign assets located in Western and G7 jurisdictions was mobilized as collateral for multilateral loans to Ukraine?

Which United Nations relief agency is the primary international body responsible for delivering basic education, health, and social services to registered Palestinian refugees across Gaza, the West Bank, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria?

With reference to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC), consider the following statements: 1. The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, whereas the ICC is an independent treaty-based body established under the Rome Statute. 2. The ICJ adjudicates contentious legal disputes between sovereign States, whereas the ICC exercises jurisdiction over individual human beings. 3. The judgments of the ICJ in contentious cases are binding upon the parties, while the ICC can try individuals in absentia under all circumstances. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding modern electronic warfare (EW) and drone tactics observed in the Russia-Ukraine conflict: 1. GPS jamming and radio-frequency spoofing have rendered satellite-guided artillery shells less effective, driving reliance on inertial navigation and fiber-optic tethered drones. 2. Electronic warfare has eliminated the battlefield utility of all uncrewed surface vessels (naval drones) in the Black Sea. 3. First-Person View (FPV) drones operate primarily using digital encrypted satellite links rather than line-of-sight analogue radio transmitters. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the core principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) under the Geneva Conventions, consider the following statements: 1. The principle of Distinction obligates belligerents to differentiate between civilian populations and combatants, and between civilian objects and military targets. 2. The principle of Proportionality prohibits military actions where the incidental civilian loss of life is excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage expected. 3. The concept of Military Necessity allows a military commander to deliberately target civilian infrastructure if doing so will shorten the overall duration of the conflict. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the legal status and jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC): 1. The ICC can exercise jurisdiction if the accused person is a national of a State Party or if the alleged crime was committed on the territory of a State Party. 2. The United Nations Security Council acting under Chapter VII of the UN Charter can refer a situation to the ICC even if the state involved is not a party to the Rome Statute. 3. India and the United States are both full ratifying State Parties to the Rome Statute of the ICC. Which of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to the global security findings in the SIPRI Yearbook 2026, consider the following statements: 1. The total number of states experiencing active armed conflict reached 49 in 2025. 2. Active interstate conflicts increased from three in 2024 to six in 2025. 3. Global military expenditure declined significantly in 2025-26 due to multilateral disarmament treaties. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the 'Two-State Solution' in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: 1. It envisages two independent sovereign states, Israel and Palestine, coexisting side by side in peace and mutual security. 2. The international consensus for the territorial basis of the Two-State Solution rests primarily on the pre-1967 borders (Green Line). 3. India officially withdrew its recognition of Palestinian statehood in 2024 in favor of a single confederated state. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?