Which premier institutions jointly developed 'Garbhini-GA2', India's first indigenous population-specific artificial intelligence model for gestational age estimation?

A. IIT Bombay and AIIMS New Delhi

B. IIT Delhi and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)

C. IISc Bengaluru and National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG)

What is the primary clinical advantage of the 'Garbhini-GA2' artificial intelligence model over the conventional Hadlock formula?

B. It is specifically validated on Indian cohort growth metrics, reducing estimation error by nearly three times in late trimesters

A. It eliminates the requirement of ultrasound machinery during delivery

B. It is specifically validated on Indian cohort growth metrics, reducing estimation error by nearly three times in late trimesters

C. It predicts the chromosomal gender of the fetus in the first trimester

D. It replaces maternal blood glucose and hemoglobin monitoring entirely

What is the main objective of the 'GARBHINI-DRISHTI' portal launched by the Department of Biotechnology in February 2025?

A. A comprehensive open clinical repository housing ultrasound scans, bio-specimens, and health data of pregnant mothers

B. Direct benefit transfer of maternity cash assistance into bank accounts

C. Real-time GPS tracking of rural ambulances during obstetric emergencies

D. Online licensing for commercial ultrasound and radiodiagnostic clinics

Who was the Chief Guest and keynote speaker at the 11th edition of the Raisina Dialogue held in New Delhi in March 2026?

B. Dr. Alexander Stubb, President of Finland

A. Emmanuel Macron, President of France

B. Dr. Alexander Stubb, President of Finland

C. Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of World Economic Forum

D. Giorgia Meloni, Prime Minister of Italy

What was the overarching theme of the 11th Raisina Dialogue held in 2026?

C. Sansthar: Affirmation, Harmony, Progress

A. Chaturanga: Conflict, Contest, Cooperate, Create

B. Terra Nova: Trajectories, Trends, Transitions

C. Sansthar: Affirmation, Harmony, Progress

D. Viksit Bharat: Global Power in a Polarized World

Which strategic initiative was newly inaugurated at the Raisina Dialogue 2026 to fuse emerging technological leadership with multilateral diplomacy?

D. Raisina Science Diplomacy Initiative (SDI)

B. Indo-Nordic Quantum Corridor

D. Raisina Science Diplomacy Initiative (SDI)

Which landmark environmental legal doctrine was formulated by the Supreme Court of India in the Oleum Gas Leak Case (M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, 1986)?

A. Doctrine of Absolute Liability

B. Doctrine of Strict Liability with British common law exceptions

C. Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity

In which landmark case did the Supreme Court of India first recognize and enforce the 'Public Trust Doctrine' to protect river ecosystems from commercial encroachment?

D. M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath (1997/2002)

A. T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

B. Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

C. Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar

D. M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath (1997/2002)

With the formal closure of the 41-year-old M.C. Mehta Delhi air pollution petition by the Supreme Court, which statutory body serves as the primary regulatory authority over NCR air quality?

B. Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas (CAQM)

A. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

B. Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas (CAQM)

C. Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPCA)

D. National Green Tribunal (NGT)

Which high-profile environmental honour was NOT awarded to environmental jurist M.C. Mehta?

A. Goldman Environmental Prize (1996)

B. Ramon Magsaysay Award (1997)

Under the Constitution of India, which fundamental right has been expansively interpreted by the Supreme Court to encompass the 'Right to a Clean and Healthy Environment'?

B. Article 21 (Protection of Life and Personal Liberty)

A. Article 14 (Right to Equality)

B. Article 21 (Protection of Life and Personal Liberty)

C. Article 19(1)(a) (Freedom of Speech and Expression)

D. Article 25 (Freedom of Conscience)

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BPSC Bihar Special • Current Affairs27 September 2026

Bihar Current Affairs: Garbhini-GA2 AI Model, Raisina Dialogue 2026 & MC Mehta Environmental Jurisprudence

Source: DBT India / Ministry of External Affairs / Supreme Court of India•Exam Target: BPSC 71st & 72nd CCE Prelims

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BPSC 72nd Special Dossier — Track B, Day 1

1. Garbhini-GA2: India-Specific AI Model for Gestational Age

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Pioneering Innovation: Garbhini-GA2 is India's first indigenous Artificial Intelligence (AI) model specifically engineered to accurately estimate Gestational Age (GA) in pregnant women during the second and third trimesters.

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Why Western Models Fail in India: Western clinical formulas (such as the widely used Hadlock formula) systematically miscalculate Indian fetal age because the fetal growth trajectory and birth weight distribution of Indian populations differ significantly from Western baselines.

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Key Institutional Metrics:

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Developers: Jointly developed by IIT Madras and the Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad under the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science & Technology.

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Precision: Reduces gestational age estimation error by nearly three-fold (3x) compared to Western benchmarks.

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Clinical Impact: Enables timely prenatal interventions, accurate expected date of delivery (EDD), and early identification of Preterm Birth (PTB) and Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR).

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The GARBH-Ini Cohort & DRISHTI Hub:

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Cohort Size: A monumental multi-dimensional pregnancy cohort encompassing ~12,000 enrolled pregnant women, primarily across Northern India.

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GARBHINI-DRISHTI: Launched as a state-of-the-art open data repository and sharing dashboard hosting clinical data, over 10 lakh ultrasound images, and 16 lakh biological specimens—establishing one of South Asia’s richest reproductive health bio-repositories.

2. Raisina Dialogue 2026 (11th Edition)

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Venue & Dates: Held at New Delhi from 5 to 7 March 2026.

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Co-Hosts: Jointly organized by the Observer Research Foundation (ORF) and the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), Government of India.

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Apex Theme: “संस्कार (Sansthar) — Affirmation, Harmony, Progress”.

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Chief Guest & Keynote Address: Dr. Alexander Stubb, the President of the Republic of Finland.

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Participation: Attended by over 2,500 delegates from 110 countries, including foreign ministers, military chiefs, tech executives, and strategic scholars.

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Core Plenary Pillars:

Contested Frontiers: Power, Polarity, and Periphery.

Repairing the Commons: New Groups, New Guardians, New Avenues.

Chasing the White Whale: In Pursuit of Agenda 2030.

The Eleventh Hour: The Cost of Climate, Conflict, and Delay.

Tomorrow’s World: Towards a Techno-Polity.

Trade in Times of Tariffs: Recovery, Resilience, and Reinvention.

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Flagship Launch: Unveiling of the Raisina Science Diplomacy Initiative (SDI) to integrate strategic diplomacy with critical and emerging technologies.

3. Landmark Environmental Jurisprudence: Closure of the 41-Year-Old M.C. Mehta PIL

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Historic Ruling: The Supreme Court of India formally closed the 41-year-old landmark writ petition (M.C. Mehta vs Union of India, WP(C) No. 13029 of 1985), establishing a modernized permanent institutional monitoring framework under the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM).

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Profile of M.C. Mehta: Revered as India’s "Green Avenger", M.C. Mehta pioneered public interest litigation in environmental jurisprudence. He was conferred the Goldman Environmental Prize (1996) and the Ramon Magsaysay Award (1997).

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Foundational Case Precedents Authored by M.C. Mehta:

Oleum Gas Leak Case (1986): Shriram Food & Fertilizers incident; Justice P.N. Bhagwati established the revolutionary principle of Absolute Liability, eliminating the exceptions of the British Rylands v. Fletcher Strict Liability rule.

Ganga Pollution Case (1988): Directives ordering municipal sewage treatment, industrial effluent controls, and an immediate prohibition on consigning unburnt corpses into the holy river.

Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) Case (1996): Protective radial air pollution zone around the Taj Mahal; enforced shifting from coke/coal to natural gas.

Public Trust Doctrine Case (M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath, 1997/2002): Ruled that natural resources (rivers, forests, air) are held by the State in public trust for citizens and cannot be converted into private commercial ownership; imposed Exemplary Damages and the Polluter Pays Principle.

Delhi Vehicular Pollution Case (1998/2002): Mandated the world's largest commercial public transport conversion to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).

4. Election Commission of India (ECI): Postal Ballot Reforms

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Regulatory Framework: Governed under the Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961.

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Eligible Absentee Voters (Form 12D):

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Senior citizens aged 85 years and above (amended threshold).

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Persons with Disabilities (PwD) with benchmark disability of 40% and above (duly certified).

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COVID-19 / essential emergency services personnel and armed forces service voters (Form 13F).

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Doorstep Voting Protocol: Booth Level Officers (BLOs) accompanied by two polling officials, videographers, and police security facilitate home voting with sealed ballot boxes and party agent observation.

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