13 April 1919Modern Indian History (GS-1)2 min read

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in Amritsar: The Watershed of Colonial Rule

On 13 April 1919, British troops under Brigadier General Reginald Dyer massacred hundreds of unarmed civilians gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on Baisakhi day.

Historical Context & Background (GS-1)

The wartime draconian Rowlatt Act extended emergency detention without trial. In Punjab, Lt. Governor Michael O'Dwyer enforced brutal martial repression.

High-Yield Prelims Takeaways

1Rowlatt Act Protests

Rowlatt Act Protests: Peaceful gathering on Baisakhi to protest arrest of Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal under Rowlatt Act (Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act).

2General Dyer's Brutality

General Dyer's Brutality: Blocked the single narrow exit and ordered troops to fire 1,650 rounds without warning into an unarmed crowd of thousands.

UPSC Mains Analytical Perspective

UPSC Mains (GS Paper 1): The massacre permanently destroyed Indian faith in British judicial fairness and moral legitimacy, paving the way for Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement.

On This Day Practice MCQ

UPSC GS Paper 1

With reference to the historical significance of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in Amritsar: The Watershed of Colonial Rule, consider the core principles and facts associated with this event. Which statement correctly identifies its constitutional or strategic outcome?