11 May 1998Science, Defense & Technology (GS-3)2 min read

Operation Shakti: Pokhran-II Underground Nuclear Tests (National Technology Day)

On 11 May 1998, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee announced that India had successfully conducted three underground nuclear tests at Pokhran in Rajasthan, establishing India as a declared nuclear-weapon state.

Historical Context & Background (GS-1)

Under severe satellite surveillance by US intelligence, DRDO and Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) scientists led by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and Dr. R. Chidambaram executed the secret tests.

High-Yield Prelims Takeaways

1National Technology Day

National Technology Day: Commemorated on 11 May since 1999 to honor scientists, engineers, and defense innovators.

2Operation Shakti (1998)

Operation Shakti (1998): India conducted five underground nuclear tests including a thermonuclear (hydrogen) device at Pokhran test range.

UPSC Mains Analytical Perspective

UPSC Mains (GS Paper 3): Pokhran-II demonstrated strategic autonomy, compelling global powers to recognize India as a responsible nuclear state, culminating in the 2008 Indo-US Civil Nuclear Deal.

On This Day Practice MCQ

UPSC GS Paper 3

With reference to the historical significance of Operation Shakti: Pokhran-II Underground Nuclear Tests (National Technology Day), consider the core principles and facts associated with this event. Which statement correctly identifies its constitutional or strategic outcome?